Mammography is a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system and high-contrast, high-resolution film for examination of the breasts. A mammography unit is a rectangular box that houses the tube in which x-rays are produced. The unit is dedicated equipment, because it is used exclusively for x-ray exam of the breast with special accessories that allow only the breast to be exposed to the x-rays.
Attached to the unit is a device that holds and compresses the breast and positions it so images can be obtained at different angles.
Mammography plays a central part in screening for breast cancers because it can show changes in the breast up to two years before a patient or physician can feel them. Mammography is used to diagnose breast diseases in women.
Initial mammographic images themselves are not always enough to determine the existence of a benign or malignant disease with certainty. If a finding or spot seems suspicious, the radiologist may recommend further diagnostic studies.
Procedure
The breast is exposed to a small dose of radiation to produce an image of internal breast tissue. The image of the breast is produced as a result of some of the x-rays being absorbed (attenuation) while others pass through the breast to expose the film. The exposed film is placed in a developing machine to produce images.
Precautions
Patients should not wear deodorant, talcum powder, or lotion under their arms on the day of the exam. These can appear on the x-ray film as calcium spots.
All jewelry and clothing above the waist should be removed.
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